Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck At first glance, Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is a tale of two best friends traveling the countryside looking for work. This would seem like the norm for lower class people trying to survive in the rat race of society. Yet, the story isn’t merely George and Lennie’s search for jobs. Rather, it is about their all out quest for the American Dream, the dream of owning their own stake of land and ending their subservience to their bosses. In order for this to happen, however, George and Lennie had to remain a team. They had to pool their resources as well as their manpower, something their apparent mutual love for each other seemed to take care of. Yet, an irrevocable rift between them sent the dream crashing down. This caused George’s feelings of love and understanding to change from being existent to non-existent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the passing of Lennie’s aunt, George felt an obligation to take care of Lennie as well as to act as his guardian. George fulfilled this role with love and understanding. We first see change in George’s attitude towards Lennie when they moved onto the ranch, their place of work. George immediately feels that he is jeopardizing his relationship with other men in order to defend Lennie’s actions. George is further discouraged when he realizes, based on Lennie’s behavior that he can never be left alone- even to go to the bathroom. Lennie can’t even be trusted not to kill puppies while petting them. Lennie, in fact, goes so far as to kill the owner’s daughter-in-law. By this point, George, a nice yet overly ambitious individual, could no longer control this growing contempt towards his once beloved Lennie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As George’s feelings changed, he started vocalizing his frustrations towards Lennie. Before, George would plead with Lennie with words of love to run away. Now, George actually suggests it. George relates to Lennie that he feels that he is â€Å"holding me (George) back from the good life†, and that he could get his own little stake of land if he freed himself of Lennie and his shortcomings. This is something the old George would never dream of saying. George further alienates Lennie by scolding him mercilessly after Lennie innocently told Crooks their future dreams. These comments reflected George’s sentiments exactly. Lennie had become more of a nuisance than George could even handle. Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck At first glance, Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is a tale of two best friends traveling the countryside looking for work. This would seem like the norm for lower class people trying to survive in the rat race of society. Yet, the story isn’t merely George and Lennie’s search for jobs. Rather, it is about their all out quest for the American Dream, the dream of owning their own stake of land and ending their subservience to their bosses. In order for this to happen, however, George and Lennie had to remain a team. They had to pool their resources as well as their manpower, something their apparent mutual love for each other seemed to take care of. Yet, an irrevocable rift between them sent the dream crashing down. This caused George’s feelings of love and understanding to change from being existent to non-existent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the passing of Lennie’s aunt, George felt an obligation to take care of Lennie as well as to act as his guardian. George fulfilled this role with love and understanding. We first see change in George’s attitude towards Lennie when they moved onto the ranch, their place of work. George immediately feels that he is jeopardizing his relationship with other men in order to defend Lennie’s actions. George is further discouraged when he realizes, based on Lennie’s behavior that he can never be left alone- even to go to the bathroom. Lennie can’t even be trusted not to kill puppies while petting them. Lennie, in fact, goes so far as to kill the owner’s daughter-in-law. By this point, George, a nice yet overly ambitious individual, could no longer control this growing contempt towards his once beloved Lennie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As George’s feelings changed, he started vocalizing his frustrations towards Lennie. Before, George would plead with Lennie with words of love to run away. Now, George actually suggests it. George relates to Lennie that he feels that he is â€Å"holding me (George) back from the good life†, and that he could get his own little stake of land if he freed himself of Lennie and his shortcomings. This is something the old George would never dream of saying. George further alienates Lennie by scolding him mercilessly after Lennie innocently told Crooks their future dreams. These comments reflected George’s sentiments exactly. Lennie had become more of a nuisance than George could even handle.

Introduction to Statistics and Econometrics Essay

   1. Specialty faces the decision of how many Weather Teddy units to order for the coming holiday season. Members of the management team suggested order quantities of 15000, 18000, 24000 or 28000 units. The wide range of order quantities suggested indicate considerable disagreement concerning the market potential. The product management team asks you for an analysis of the stock-out probabilities for various order quantities, an estimate of the profit potential, and to help make an order quantity recommendation. Specialty expects to sell Weather Teddy for $24 based on a cost of $16 per unit. If inventory remains after the holiday season, Specialty will sell all surplus inventory for $5 per unit After reviewing the sales history of similar products, Specialty’s senior sales forecaster predicted an expected demand of 20,000 units with a 0.95 probability that demand would be between 10,000 units and 30,000 units. Questions 1. Approximate the demand distribution using Normal distribution and sketch the distribution. 2. Compute the probability of a stock-out for the order quantities suggested by members of the management team. 3. Compute the projected profit for the order quantities suggested by the management team under three scenarios: worst case in which sales is 10,000 units, most likely case in which sales is 20,000 units and best case in which sales is 30,000 units Questions 1. One of Specialty’s managers felt that the profit potential was so great that the order quantity should have a 70% chance of meeting demand and only a 30% chance of any stock-outs. What quantity would be ordered under this policy, and what is the projected profit under the three sales scenarios? 2. Provide your own recommendation for an order quantity and note the associated profit projections.

Behavioral Medicine Cognitive Behavior And Medication

Cognitive Behavior and Medication Studies have been done on the cognitive behavior and medication. Some studies looked at the behavior with bipolar disorder and the medication that they take for the (Micheal Bauer, Tasha Glenn, Paul Grof, Natalie L Rasgon, Wendy Marsh, Kemal Sagduyu, Martin Alda, Ute Lewitzka, Rita Schmid, Perter C Whybrow 2009). Some studies focus on depression treatment and the serotonin reuptake (Benedetto Vitello 2009), (Sonya S. Descheˆnes †¢ Michel J. Dugas 2012) (Bjo ¨ rn Paxling, Jonas Almlo ¨ v1, Mats Dahlin, Per Carlbring, Elisabeth Breitholtz, Thomas Eriksson6 and Gerhard Andersson 2011), and (Alastair J. Flint 2005). Each study is focused on the behavior of patients with behavioral medicine. Studies also focus on the cognitive behavior. The purpose of this literature review is to show how research of behavioral medicines can affect the cognitive behavior of a person with treatment of medication. It also to show how different medication affect the treatment of patients in the clinical trials. Literature Review Sonya S. Descheˆnes †¢ Michel J. Dugas (2012) studied the way that the cognitive behavior changed for patients who received the treatment for general anxiety disorder. The treatment was based on a 14 week treatment with 59 adult patients that had the anxiety disorder. They get weekly questionnaires and they also get the symptoms of the treatments of the patients. They were supposed to testing to see if there were sudden gains from theShow MoreRelatedSchizophreni A Severe Brain Disorder1133 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that affects the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional parts of the brain. The symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and cationic behavior, and negative symptoms. The DSM-5 states that symptoms delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech must be present for at least one month in order for one to be diagnosed with schizophrenia. Also, the DSM-5 mentions that the symptoms have to be ongoing for at least six months to be schizophrenicRead MoreDepression And Childhood Depression1157 Words   |  5 Pagesdepression, visiting a doctor and mental health care professional who specialize in children’s health is the best option. Parents and guardians are legally responsible for their children’s well-being, so it is important for adults to observe kid’s behaviors and talk to a doctor if they see or hear something they do not feel is healthy. Every family deserves to have professional care providers that they trust, especially when dealing with emotional and personal topics like depression. Even though thereRead MoreCOGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF ADHD Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesyears (66.3% of those with a current diagnosis) were receiving medication treatment for the disorder (cdc.gov). The Surgen General lists ADHD, as the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood. With numbers as these it seems imperative to know what works best for over 2.7 million children in treatment. Cognitive refers to our thinking, Behavior how we behave the two go together. The way we think and feel effects behavior and the other way around. Richard Gallagher an associate professorRead MoreDepression in Adolescents1561 Words   |  7 Pagesresulting in social isolation. The social isolation leads to the feelings of depression. It is reported that depression could be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain that medication can correct. According to the theory of chemical imbalance, low levels of the brain chemical serotonin lead to depression and depression medication works by bringing serotonin levels back to normal ( Laramine, 1995). However some studies suggest that there are no concrete ways to test serotonin in the brain so this theoryRead MoreADHD Research Paper948 Words   |  4 Pagespatients are typically prescribed medication in order to hopefully control his/her inability to focus, without currently considering possible alternatives. This medical plan has led me to question the following: Should there be a step-by-step process, beginning with alternative methods such as exercise and cognitive-behavioral therapy, that is incorporated in the treatment of ADHD patients before medication enters into the equation? Two commonly prescribed medications used for ADHD treatment are AdderallRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy As A Sole Treatment For Adhd1649 Words   |  7 PagesLindsay Lamp Jeffery Vittengl PSYC366 14 July 2015 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a Sole Treatment for ADHD in Adults According to the International Journal of Neuropsychiatric Medicine, about 4% of adults in the United States are affected by ADHD. It’s a disorder that usually emerges in childhood and in the past was thought of as exclusive to a person’s earlier years. More recent research has proved this to be untrue, instead revealing that many people who are diagnosed with ADHD in childhood willRead MoreProzac - the Wonder Drug1285 Words   |  6 Pagesconsider medication a last resort while pharmaceutical companies should develop a new youth-friendly antidepressant with fewer side effects. Our greatest glory is not in ever falling, but in rising every time we fall. (Confucius) is a quote on Prozac’s website which illustrates the goal of antidepressants which is to help users pick themselves up out of depression. The irony that exists is that, with constant antidepressant use, falling refers to what happens when the medication is stoppedRead MoreThe Cognitive Effects Of Single Diagnosed With Dementia1642 Words   |  7 Pagesobtained brain disease and distinguished by progressive decay in memory and other cognitive fields such as judgment, abstract thinking, language, and executive functioning. This disease is usually caused by degeneration in the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain responsible for thoughts, memories, actions, and personality. Death of brain cells in this area leads to the impairments that distinguish dementia. Though the cognitive outline of single diagnosed with dementia vary somewhat by etiology, the degreeRead MorePost Traumatic St ress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesfinal symptoms of PTSD include changes in emotional reaction. These are symptoms such as irritability, aggression, trouble concentrating/sleeping, overwhelming guilt, and being easily frightened. Not only this, but symptoms also include displaying behaviors such as always be on guard for danger. With PTSD displaying such a wide range of overwhelming symptoms, public health officials must implement interventions and treatments to help these individuals who are in great distress. The primary goal thatRead MoreInsomnia814 Words   |  4 Pagesuse medication or behavioral therapies to treat insomnia. Majority of them are not aware of the effectiveness, usefulness, and the importance of non medication methods. The topic here will discuss the various methods that health professionals have used to treat insomnia. A. In the short term or the immediate days after admission, medication will provide adequate improvements. This will be much more than the non medication techniques in terms of first week efficiency. The use of medication to treat

Traditional Tales As A Reflection Of Culture - 1217 Words

Traditional tales are a reflection of culture in which they are told due to various aspects. They deal with goddesses, gods, and other supernatural creatures that relate to humans. The importance of myths being traditional tales and a reflection of culture displays the civilization and society of a myth and its truths. Human culture conserves historical records within the human language. It is known that humans were telling tales quickly after they developed the ability of speech, resulting in important supernatural events and dates to be told before the present day. To begin with, traditional tales are known for being an oral tradition within storytelling allowing several generations and different cultures to pass down to the newer†¦show more content†¦Through these experiences and tragic occurrences, people’s mannerisms and ethics were affected after having the understanding that punishments were imposed by God, for the decline of humanity’s morality. Due to this, traditional tales are a reflection of culture in which they are retold as a result of lifestyle and one’s beliefs. Almost all relied on God and his actions to reflect their daily lives on behalf of their religion and knowledge from past stories. A myth is a traditional tale of discussing legends or traditions. They are usually found in all cultures and have symbolic meanings in which can be effective for the people who have heard the traditional tale prior. Myths often carry the truth to natural phenomena within the world and is also used as an explanation of creation. The cultural evolution of these traditional tales help reflect the events occurring throughout a society which effected beliefs of the people then and to this present day. According to Hesiod, Pandora was created in punishment of man. She was the first woman created out of clay by the gods, and before she came into existence, there was no pain all through; including death, evil, or diseases. QUOTE In comparison to Eve, Pandora disobeyed rules and opened the box she was not suppose to however, Eve was tempted by the servants to eat the fruit and did not. Culture has a massive role within each person’s life. The idea of culture presents socialShow MoreRelatedTraditional Herbal Remedies : Culture And Society Of Russia1315 Words   |  6 Pages HERBALISM IN RUSSIA Heather Riley RUSC 101: Culture and Society of Russia 4 October 2015 Thesis: Efficacy of traditional herbal remedies combined with a cultural faith in those traditions, combats modern medicine s inherent distrust of traditional healing. Change is when existing practices are heavily integrated. This is a reflection of belief in the practices a population is to using, and the faith in the herbalists as well as their remedies. This faith is grown through knowledge aboutRead MoreThe Tale Of Fairy Tales1125 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction ‘Once upon a time’ is perhaps days when it was one of our hobbies to read fairy tales as a part of our daily routine. These fairy tales took us to the world of fantasy, happiness, sorrow, dilemma and we had the very tendency to fantasise these characters to be real. These tales had a happy conclusion where good inevitably wins over the evil with a happy ending; and ending lines mostly happened to be ‘and they happily lived ever after’. These endings justified the human sense of justiceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Little Red Cap By Angela Carter1200 Words   |  5 Pagesreflected the importance of German national cohesion under French occupation and the view towards foreigners as destructive usurpers. Little Red Cap was adapted for instructional purposes, specifically aimed at a children s audience. Initially in the tale, the subversion of Perrault’s depiction of the girl is evident exemplifying her as a sweet little girl and the hyperbolic everybo dy loved her instantly on first sight demonstrates the engrained virtue of her youth. The instruction for Little RedRead MoreA Portrait Of A Rebellious, Independent Mulan1744 Words   |  7 PagesTo construct a portrait of a rebellious, independent Mulan, two characteristics that are preferred by Western audiences, Disney chooses to keep only a few of the functions from the source tale. In order to set the stage for her climatic moment of redemption, Mulan must have a villain to struggle against. She is not just in a war, but is locked in a battle with the leader of the opposing army, Shan-Yu, almost singlehandedly saving the emperor. She defeats not only Shan-Yu but the gender restrictionsRead MoreKeeping Briton’s Religious Origins Alive through Ancient Literature1129 Words   |  5 Pagesand heroines don’t live happily ever after but are instead brought great strife and are eventually killed. These tales were often reflections of the old heritage of the Britons as their religious influence persevered even after being marginalized both geographically and politically. Rather than reflecting the pessimism of the Britons after being conquered by outside forces, the tales reminded the people of the worthiness of their suffering as they connected to the heroes and heroines in the storiesRead MoreEssay about An Analysis of Fairy Tales1684 Words   |  7 Pagesprincesses, beauty, magic, and love, fairy tales like Snow White and Cinderella among others have become children’s favorite bedtime stories. However, as parents tuck their sons and daughters in, they fail to realize that there is a much more daunting purpose to these stories. American writer and poet, Jane Yolen suggests that fairy tales indicate life values. Furthermore, Yolen insists that these tales are â€Å"thumbprints of history† (Yolen 27). Studying fairy tales in depth, she proves that the â€Å"functionsRead MoreThe Odyssey : The Aeneid And The Odyssey1075 Words   |   5 Pagesancient world. Both stories involve acts of heroism, divine intervention, and ultimately, victory. They both offer insights into the cultures of Rome and Greece at the time of their writings. Additionally, both works stem from the same event (the Trojan War) but follow different characters, touching on different aspects of the idealized hero in Roman and Greek culture. We must first start by discussing who Virgil and Homer were and the societies they came from. Publius Vergilius Maro was born in AndesRead MoreCoyote and Bear1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Native American tale of Coyote and Bear, originally translated from oral tradition in nineteen six by G. A. Dorsey in the book The Pawnee, Mythology, Part I, tells us the story of Coyote who accidentally meets Bear, and in order to protect himself from being killed by Bear, starts to make up self praising stories to impress Bear. Eventually, Coyote convinces Bear, but after a few hesitant moves, Bear realizes that Coyote was lying. The tale then, ends up with the murder of Coyote by Bear. TheRead MoreCultural Spheres Of Korean Cinema932 Words   |  4 PagesSopyonje and Madame Freedom inhabit two unique cultural spheres of Korean Cinema. While both films show a glimpse into a â€Å"traditional† Korean world; they were produced in different contexts. Sopyonje, made in 1993, can be considere d a romanticized â€Å"nostalgia† film that projects an image of a Korea that no longer exists in present day. The film focuses on the story of a non-blood related family who struggles to make a living by traveling through the Korean countryside performing pansori at partiesRead More Reflections of a Culture Past Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesReflections of a Culture Past The poem, Beowulf was supposedly written in the tenth century, but it was most likely told before then, orally, for centuries. There is little information about the author, on when Beowulf was first created or about the original version of the story before it was written. However the poem does, however, give us great insight into the cultural views and ideals of the Anglo-Saxon people who would have composed and told this tale. This includes their political, social

The Dark Ages - 1025 Words

The time period spanning from around 500 A.D. to 1500 is perceived as the Dark Ages. Many plagues, wars, lack of knowledge, corruption, prosecution, and lack of freedoms were a part of the early Dark Ages. Many people tend to focus on these things and do not learn that many important things came from this time. The lengthy list following is some of the positives from the Dark Ages: universities, banking, Christianity, guilds, science, Carolingian Renaissance, Byzantine Golden Age, Islamic Golden Age, Commercial Revolution, mathematics, art, architecture, improved weather conditions, improvement upon laws, agricultural boom, the printing press (a fundamental part of journalism today), theater, Islam, and impressive leaders. The Dark Ages were not as dark as they are generally made out to be, for the art/architecture, agriculture, and the sciences/mathematics of that time, awe and impact today’s world. There were three styles of art used in the Dark Ages. The Dark Ages’ art began with the Byzantine art style. Byzantine art was flat and one dimensional, there were no shadows, people were front-facing, people had long, narrow and solemn faces, Christian scenes were represented, and somber tones were used. This style of art generally depicted people from that time or religious figures. Then there was Romanesque art, which was a mix of Roman and Byzantine art. It was quite similar to Byzantine art. Later, artists in the Dark Ages transitioned into Gothic Art. The definingShow MoreRelatedThe Middle Ages : A Look At The Dark Ages718 Words   |  3 PagesPlew 4/18/17 The Middle Ages is associated with the Dark Ages due to the period including social disorder, political turmoil and widespread disease. The Middle Ages was a period between 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. during which Europe experienced many drastic changes following the fall of Rome. Some of these changes were beneficial, but the changes also caused negative effects too. Overall, the Middle Ages was a dark time for Europe. The Middle Ages was a dark time for Europe because there wasRead MoreCharlemagne: The Hero of the Dark Age Europe Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesMost scholars, under the same breath, deem Charlemagne as the hero Dark Age Europe needed. As the king of the Frankish kingdom, Frankia, from 768, he started recovering order after the collapse of the Roman Empire in the Dark Ages. On the other hand, some believe that he is the cause of World War II. They reason that he caused the separation of his land into Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and western Germany by giving parts of his kingdom to his sons. However, his sons, through their foolishnessRead MoreDigital Dark Age Essays780 Words   |  4 PagesDigital Dark Age For thousands of years, we humans have kept records. We have carved on walls and rocks, carved on tablets and stones, and written on leaves. Many of these records have survived to this day; as we have used them to read, learn about, and understand our history and ancestors. The invention of printing made writing records much easier and faster. Information that changed the world had been printed on paper, and some of this information too survived till this day. In the 20th centuryRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Dark Age1961 Words   |  8 PagesThe Greek Dark Age was a period spanning from 1200BCE to 800BCE that took place after the collapse of Mycenaean civilisation. There are many theories as to why the Mycenaean civilisation collapsed perhaps the most popular being the invasion of the Dorian’s, this theory backed up by such evidence as the adoption of previously unfamiliar burial rights such as cremation . It is the collapse of this empire then that leads to a dilemma, did t his event cause a Dark Age within Greece, a loss of civilisationRead MoreThe Dark Ages1647 Words   |  7 Pagesdared to challenge medieval political and philosophical orthodoxy immensely impacted later history. There is a reason why the Medieval Ages are often referred to as the Dark Ages, a term coined by an Italian scholar named Petrarch . The Dark Ages, in a sense, refers to a period of intellectual depression following the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire . The Dark Ages saw no real advancements in science, no pursuit of new inventions, nor any change in thought to the political and philosophical theoriesRead MoreSimilarities Between Dark Ages And The Dark Ages948 Words   |  4 Pages Classical Vs the Dark Ages If you were to compare how relations between city-states were during the dark ages of Greece to the classical era of Greece. You would come along a lot of differences and some similarities that might shock you, they sure did me. You can find differences and similarities in many aspects of their civilization: politics, culture, warfare, and economics. The dark ages of Greece lacked writing so a lot of what we know is indirect. Such as â€Å"Achilles’ Anger† excerpt from theRead MoreThe Dark Ages Of Europe1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dark Ages of Europe is one of the most known horrible times recorded in human history. When Rome finally crumbled it was a devastating time, it lead to the worst time period that Europe has ever seen; full of disease and poverty. It started in 410 A.D and ended in 1200 A.D. During this time people would rather die a horrible death than to actually live through this time. Terrifying Vikings tore through the continent along with cruel Knight s. Barbarians ravaged through what was first the amazingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare, Regarded As The Foremost Dramatist1144 Words   |  5 Pageswork echoes a strong response against the outdated and narrow ideals of scholasticism of the Dark Ages. Some elements in Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a portrayal of the Dark Ages but not a carbon copy. The absence of light is visually and emotionally purported in Macbeth, from the setting, antagonists, and the laws that governs within its universe. The Dark Ages, traditionally referred to as the Middle ages, bridges events in the demise of Rome and the Renaissance. The time-period is highlighted byRead MoreMiddle Ages And Renaissance Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle ages Renaissance Stephani Klingensmith Western Governors University The middle ages, also known as the dark ages lasting about a thousand years. A time in history when life was hard and people were very poor. According to the article written in 2008 The middle ages western reserve public media, the middle ages were from 476A.D to 1450A.D. The article stated that the middle ages were called the dark ages because, the great civilization of Rome and Greece had been conquered. BecauseRead MoreEras of Time1339 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Bubonic Plague spread from China to Europe, killing 25 million people in Europe alone† for which this era also takes the name the Dark Ages. Politics and Religion during this time became intertwined. Money became more important than the faith towards God, indulges were sold by the church, the reason for which the Renaissance Era took place. Life during the Dark Ages was hard, it was often common to be sent to war because of the theological issues those churches of the East and West faced. For example

Development Broadcasting in India and Beyond Free Essays

In this journal, Fursich sets out by decrying the effect of commercial satellite television in many Asian countries whose media was state run. This, he says, leaves the old-hand broadcasters with only one way of survival: reassess their role in the newly competitive market. Fursich has a valid point here; the old broadcasters have to re-invent themselves in the ever dynamic market landscape lest they remain irrelevant (Johnson, 54). We will write a custom essay sample on Development Broadcasting in India and Beyond or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we are left to think of the reassessment of the new market’s needs, the issue of globalization of commercial media should be centermost. The Indian context used by Fursich to advance his argument does not out rightly discredit his point because of the premise that many a researcher have researched on Indian media with reference to the topic. However there are disparities in the measure of response to media commercialization in different third world countries (Eko, 67). To use the Indian broadcaster Doordarshan (DD) as a microcosm of all the third world media is to overlook some vital components of a totalitarian research. In fact, it makes his expose’ much of India and less of â€Å"and Beyond†, an aspect which could have been avoided if Fursich could quote the media situation in some other third world nations. The severe pressure that Fursich says has faced DD in the new satellite and cable channels’ era awaits most of those other â€Å"traditional channels†-those that were there before the advent of commercial satellite television (Hamelink, 174). This is because the media was government owned, and the basic purpose was to educate the masses making the need for financing an n entertainment channel veer off the reason for its establishment. Even as the general policy of these state-owned channels change, to borrow from the Doordashan’s case, the issue of tailing and not leading arises as he aptly states. Most state-owned media across the third world form poor matches to the numerous privately owned commercial channels; one is because their content is more dynamic and the channels are many. The mention of the Television’s historical development since 1950’s serves as a base for understanding the notion of broadcasting as a tool for national development, a concept that still rules in most African media settings (Eko 179). This tool for national development is what later turned to be a political tool. The argument here fits into the reality very well as stated by Cambridge (151) that the state owned and funded media were overly dependent on western programming and furthered the interests of the political elites while at the same time limiting the forms of expression and national identity development. The present situation, thanks to commercialization of the media has greatly increased the use of communication as part of international trade agreements and not political initiatives (Hamelink 172). The negotiations in international trade have also enhanced privatization of communication infrastructure a point mentioned by Fursich in his article. The state funding, its abuse by political elite and the widening global marketing can be said to have liberated the media. This follows from Hamelink’s argument (Hamelink 172) above that international trade agreements and not political initiatives improved communication. The end result as Fursich states was that the state-owned broadcasters had to adjust to what he calls a mixed economic model that encompassed advertising and reducing state subsidies. The new commercial media environment, he adds, led to among others proliferation of shows stations and formats with advertising focused on the haves, neglecting the have-nots. I could not agree more with Fursich on this point primarily because ,brought down by the heavy financial needs so as to achieve its national goals, the national broadcaster of any country will use all means possible to hang onto the issues in its blue print. When faced by imminent downfall, what did Doordarshan do? This question could as well apply to any other state-owned broadcaster in the third world. DD however had an upper hand as its basic foundation on development mandate and though tailored for this purpose, it positioned itself as not only local but also international competitor to the channels that offered a range of programs. From this information, the issue of ambition can be seen, raising question whether the aims of a given broadcaster can be realized if it crosses the geographical boundary of a third world nation and still aim to satisfy the locals and the ever competitive international market (Johnson, 2000). The same rhetorical can be inferred from Fursich’s article. India’s effort in making its broadcast center on programming and technological innovations that dealt with agricultural education and nation building is worth appraisal unlike, as Fursich says, the other post-colonial countries’ mixed programming strategy that imported former colonial masters’ programs. This allowed the educational aim of the media to be realized as the citizenry were given lessons on what locally faced them and thus doing away with the surrealistic mixed genres of other post colonial nations. The state funding of the DD, which was increased (Kumar, 20) thereby enabling promotion of state initiatives and later assisted in the setting of additional centers other than New Delhi. This is worth borrowing especially by the third world nations whose state-owned media stations are at the verge of collapse due to inadequate financing. The focus on the primary goals of a state-owned media can be kept at the same time introduce entertainment programs that were not initially planned for. This can be seen in the case of DD which housed two operas in 1980’s (Fursich, 378) that had been slotted in by the broadcaster in its bid to go commercial. The themes of the opera the Hum Log was family planning, and women education ,topics that cannot be said to be just for entertaining households but also educating them. The point here is that programs can be chosen so as to work in a two-pronged way, entertain the citizenry and educate them (Kumar 30). The coming into the Indian market by such private broadcasters as CNN and MTV can serve as an eye opener to the state-owned media in the third world into the insight of collaborative business contracts which will ultimately rid them of any financial problems that may result due to the state’s inability to fund them fully. The localized transmittance of certain programs that appeal to the locals as in the case of India can greatly improve the markets of upcoming economies. The locals will be paying for the programs they like most and in return the state will easily achieve its goals. This is a noble initiative by the Indian broadcaster that should be adopted by the other third world nations. In this case, such issues as cultural conservation can easily be achieved because the localized transmittance serves persons with more or less the same cultural orientations. Some worries may creep into the state-owned broadcaster because while is strives to accomplish its missions, the state has a stake in what should really reach the citizenry thus making these state-owned media to lack autonomy. Having looked at various aspects of the Indian broadcaster and what challenges it has faced, I can postulate that the same challenges can befall any state-owned broadcaster in the third world. The choice of India a representation of all the third world countries without an attempt of a comparative approach cannot discredit the immense and valuable information by Fursich’s article. How to cite Development Broadcasting in India and Beyond, Papers

Organizational Dialogue and Intercultural Communication

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Dialogue and Intercultural Communication. Answer: Intercultural Communication Skills Effective intercultural communication is a skill that is considered vital for anyone who is working across nations or even continents, also counting those people who are working in multinational companies abroad or in their home country (Jandt 2012). From my learning, I have gained the insight that it is very important for people who are working together with people from other cultures to avoid any kind of misunderstandings or offensive activities. Workplaces are growing with the increase in globalization and managers are finding it more important to understand intercultural communication. I have understood that it is important to engage proactively in communication skill assessment and adjust as needed to address the needs of the modern and diverse workplace (Bovee and Courtland, 2012). By means of the insights I have gathered, it has been understood that a basic understanding of cultural diversity is required to avoid cultural clashes at the workplace. Cooperation from both sides is required to better communicate with people whose culture and language does not match with ours. A cultivation of mutual acceptance would help in communication, cooperation and coordination in the workplace (Martin and Nakayama 2013). My insights have taught me to make efforts in keeping my communication simple, clear and unambiguous. I have learnt from my insights that while communication with people from different cultures there should be maintenance of respect and courtesy to avoid stress and make the other person comfortable in interacting. A formal mode of speech would help in approaching people with a different cultural background (Crossman, Bordia and Mills 2010). The most important thing is to build a relationship with everyone. References Bovee and Courtland, 2012.Business Communication Today, 10/e. Pearson Education India. Crossman, J., Bordia, S. and Mills, C., 2010.Business communication for the global age. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Jandt, F.E., 2012.An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global community. Sage Publications. Martin, J.N. and Nakayama, T.K., 2013.Experiencing intercultural communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.